Small system dynamics model for alleviating the general practitioners rural care gap in Ontario,Canada

The disproportionate concentration of healthcare professionals in urban areas is a concern in many countries, including Canada. A need to address this rural care gap has driven a large number of government led initiatives worldwide over the years. This paper presents a model that can be used as a tool to examine the efficacy of such policies on the workforce distribution in the long term. A small system dynamics model is employed to simulate the current and future distribution of general physicians at a jurisdictional level. The model represents the transition of general practitioners to provide insight into the dynamics of care provision over time. The movement, and competition, between rural and urban areas is modeled to enable detailed exploration of the ability for proposed measures to alleviate the care gap in the future. Among the tested policies are such commonly used initiatives as financial incentives to rural professionals, promotion of medical education in rural areas, expansion of rural education programs and the engagement of international medical graduates etc. We demonstrate how the model can be used as a tool to determine an efficient and well-chosen combination of policies which can help alleviate the rural care gap in the future, given that some policies are more effective than others alone but also combined with other initiatives. The presented small system dynamics model is tested on Canada's reality, but its simple nature lends itself to easy application to other countries that experience a similar problem.     

多式联运数据交换区块链技术应用研究

针对多式联运数据交换中存在的数据中心化、作业协同效率不高等问题,对铁水联运、公铁联运过程中数据交换需求进行分析,阐述多式联运和区块链技术在数据共享、信任机制、安全机制和合约机制等方面的契合点,提出基于区块链的包括基础层、区块链核心层、应用服务层、应用接口和业务层的总体架构方案,设计基于联盟链的网络架构方式,模拟基于区块链技术的铁水联运运单流转过程,以实现共享数据的去中心化,提高多式联运作业的协同性和安全可靠性,促进多式联运"一单制"建设。     

Effects of control on the performance of information systems projects: The moderating role of complexity risk

Control of projects is a core issue for organizations. Successful projects, such as information systems projects, enable organizations to develop a superior supply network and enhance the capability of operations management. A few studies have investigated the effects of control on project performance; however, complexity risk has not been integrated into the relationship between control and performance. Limited evidence has been provided concerning whether modes of control differ in their effectiveness in the presence of a single risk factor. Based on quantitative data obtained from 128 information systems projects, behavior, outcome, clan, and self-control are empirically determined to be positively associated with the system performance of projects. However, complexity risk generates a mixed moderating effect on the relationship between control and performance. In the presence of a high complexity risk, the effects of behavior and self-control on performance are low, whereas the effectiveness of outcome and clan control increases. This finding implies that complexity risk is a double-edged sword with regard to control. Each control mode exhibits different characteristics and effectiveness under high complexity risk. Therefore, appropriate control modes should be carefully selected, and highly effective control modes, such as outcome and clan control, should be prioritized in managing complex system projects.     

军民科技协同创新要素融合机制研究

构建一体化国家战略体系和能力是新时代实施军民融合战略的重要目标，军民科技协同创新则是实现该目标的必然选择。基于扎根理论建立军民科技协同创新影响因素体系，通过分析影响因素间的交互关系构建系统动力学模型。根据模型对案例进行仿真分析，考察单因素作用、多因素协同作用、多因素非协同作用条件下协同创新水平变化情况。从军民科技协同创新内涵、结构、功能实现3个层面揭示要素融合机制。据此，为国家军民深度融合提供相应政策建议。     

专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及改革路径

一直以来，高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点，而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用，也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段，确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性，分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用，并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点，论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时，对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析，结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》，展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。     

Household responsibility system and China's agricultural Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change

The rise of the Household Responsibility System has been widely viewed as a significant contribution to China's agricultural growth. However, this empirical conclusion is rested upon a convenient but doubtful presumption that the process of institutional change, also known as decollectivization, is exogenous. We contribute to this literature by explicitly recognizing the endogeneity of institutional changes, and exploit exogenous variations in lagged weather shocks and initial fixed assets for consistent estimation. With improved data on irrigation, mechanization, weather and institutional changes in a provincial panel data during 1970–1987, the results of panel instrumental estimations reveal that the Household Responsibility System had a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural growth, which was larger than indicated by OLS estimates that suffer from adverse selection and attenuation biases.     

高速铁路站台雨棚运维管理系统可视化监测E-BIM应用研究

高速铁路站台雨棚结构监测是保证列车行车与旅客候车安全的重要环节。为提高站台雨棚的运维管理与监测效率,针对高速铁路站台雨棚运维管理系统可视化监测进行设计,建立高速铁路站台雨棚运维管理系统可视化监测实施流程。以广州局集团公司海南环岛高速铁路海口东站站台钢结构雨棚为依托,引入基于BIM技术的E-BIM结构进行可视化监测,开发适用于大跨度空站台雨棚运维管理系统的可视化监测模块,实现高速铁路站台雨棚的结构风险管控,确保高速铁路列车与旅客的安全。     

Cost-sharing in directed networks: Experimental study of equilibrium choice and system dynamics

This study reports the results of an experiment on directed networks with positive externalities induced by cost-sharing. Subjects participated in a network game in which they had to choose between private and public transportations. If a player chose public transportation, then she shared the travel cost equally with other players making the same choice, whereas if she chose private transportation, then her travel cost was fixed. Travel costs on the private route were manipulated across the two experimental conditions. In one condition, these costs were homogeneous among players; in the other condition, they were heterogeneous among players and only privately known. We found that half (none) of the player groups in the homogeneous (heterogeneous) condition converged toward the efficient equilibrium. Examination of the system dynamics shows that convergence toward efficiency was facilitated by: (1) the existence of an intermediate equilibrium choice; and (2) strategic teaching by which a farsighted player chooses strategies with poor short-term payoff in order to shift group decisions to the efficient equilibrium and thereby increase her own long-term benefit.     

国外电子商务税收问题的研究综述

伴随着互联网络的发展以及经济全球化的进程，电子商务近年来发展极为迅猛，在为人类社会带来深刻变革的同时，也对各国税收制度带来极大挑战。本文探讨了电子商务的各种特征，分析了电子商务对税收的影响因素，并结合国外知名公司的真实案例，研究了国外针对电子商务的各种税收政策。希望对我国制定符合国情的电子商务税收制度方面提供参考和借鉴。     

新高校会计制度实行中会计科目的处理

2013年12月30日财政部颁布了《高等学校会计制度》，并于2014年1月1日正式执行。本文立足实际工作，针对新高校会计制度中会计科目的设置及衔接中存在的问题进行分析，并提出建议，以保证新高校会计制度的顺利过渡实施。